Al-Wajeez In Explaining The Maxims Of Islamic Law

Al-Wajeez In Explaining The Maxims Of Islamic Law

(Alwajiz Fi Sharah Alqawaeid Alfaqhia)

The book “The Sheikh's authored by in the year 1418 AH - 1997 AD, in which he explained an explanation of one hundred jurisprudential maxims, explaining the meaning of each maxim, its origins, and the legal evidence for it, with adequate and applied examples.

The book is 248 pages long and has been printed by the Resala Foundation, Publishers, many times.

The 100 Maxims Dealt With In The Book :

First Maxim

ÇáÃãæÑ ÈãÞÇÕÏåÇ

Matters are determined according to intention

The Second Maxim

ÇáÚÈÑÉ Ýí ÇáÚÞæÏ ááãÞÇÕÏ æÇáãÚÇäí áÇ ááÃáÝÇÙ æÇáãÈÇäí

Contract is the Intention and Meanings, and Not the Words and Phrases

The Third Maxim

ÇáÃÕá Ýí ÇáßáÇã ÇáÍÞíÞÉ

The origin of the word is the truth

Fourth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÊÚÐÑÊ ÇáÍÞíÞÉ íõÕÇÑ Åáì ÇáãÌÇÒ

If the truth is not possible, it becomes a metaphor

Fifth Maxim

ÅÚãÇá ÇáßáÇã Ãæáì ãä ÅåãÇáå

Giving effect to a word has priority over neglecting it

Sixth Maxim

áÇ íõäÓÈ Åáì ÓÇßÊò Þæá æáßä ÇáÓßæÊ Ýí ãÚÑÖ ÇáÍÇÌÉ ÈíÇä

No utterance shall be imputed to a silent person ,but silence in case of necessity is pronouncement.

The Seventh Maxim

áÇ ÚÈÑÉ ÈÇáÏáÇáÉ Ýí ãÞÇÈáÉ ÇáÊÕÑíÍ

Indication shall not be taken into considerationin collation with explicitness

Eighth Maxim

ÐßÑ ÈÚÖ ãÇ áÇ íÊÌÒà ßÐßÑ ßáå

Mention of psrt of an indivisible thtng is as mention of the whole.

Ninth Maxim

ÇáãØáÞ íÌÑí Úáì ÅØáÇÞå ãÇ áã íÞã Ïáíá ÇáÊÞííÏ äÕÇð Ãæ ÏáÇáÉ

What is absolute shall be deemed as such unless there is a restricting proof by text or deduced argument

The Tenth Maxim

áÇ ãÓÇÛ ááÇÌÊåÇÏ Ýí ãæÑÏ ÇáäøóÕ

There is no room for ijtihad where there is a (decisive) text

The Eleventh Maxim

ÇáÇÌÊåÇÏ áÇ íäÞÖ ÈãËáå

The ijtihad shall not be revoked by a similitude

Twelfth Maxim

ÇáíÞíä áÇ íÒæá ÈÇáÔß

Certainty shall not be warded off by doubt.

Thirteenth Maxim

ÇáÃÕá ÈÑÇÁÉ ÇáÐãÉ

The basic principle is freedom from liability

Fourteenth Maxim

ÇáÃÕá ÈÞÇÁ ãÇ ßÇä Úáì ãÇ ßÇä

The basic principle is what has once existed is (deemed) as persisted.

The Fifteenth Maxim

ãÇ ËÈÊ ÈÒãÇä íÍßã ÈÈÞÇÆå ãÇ áã íÞã ÇáÏáíá Úáì ÎáÇÝå

What is proven at one time shall continue unless there is a contrary clue

Sixteenth Maxim

ÇáÃÕá Ýí ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÇáÚÇÑÖÉ ÇáÚÏã

The original state of accidental attributes is non-existence

The Seventeenth Maxim

ÇáÃÕá ÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáÍÇÏË Åáì ÃÞÑÈ ÃæÞÇÊå

The basic principle is to ascribe the event to the nearest time of occurrence

Eighteenth Maxim

ÇáÞÏíã íÊÑß Úáì ÞÏãå

The old shall be deemed old

Nineteenth Maxim

ÇáÖÑÑ áÇ íßæä ÞÏíãÇð

Harm is not justified by being old

The Twenty Maxim

ÇáãÔÞÉ ÊÌáÈ ÇáÊíÓíÑ

Hardship begets ease.

The Twenty First Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÖÇÞ ÇáÃãÑ ÇÊÓÚ

If the matter narrowed, it expanded

The Twenty-Second Maxim

ÇáÖÑæÑÇÊ ÊÈíÍ ÇáãÍÙæÑÇÊ

Necessities render prohibited things permissible

The Twenty-Third Maxim

ÇáÖÑæÑÇÊ ÊÞÏÑ ÈÞÏÑåÇ

Necessities are estimated by the extent thereof

The Twenty-Fourth Maxim

ÇáÍÇÌÉ ÊäÒá ãäÒáÉ ÇáÖÑæÑÉ ÚÇãÉ Ãæ ÎÇÕÉ

Need is ranked as necessity, be it public or private

The Twenty-Fifth Maxim

ãÇ ÌÇÒ áÚÐÑ ÈØá ÈÒæÇáå

What is permitted for a reason is annulled once that reason is non–existent

The Twenty-Sixth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÒÇá ÇáãÇäÚ ÚÇÏ ÇáããäæÚ

When what forbids no longer exists , What is forbidden shall return

The Twenty Seventh Maxim

ÇáÅÖØÑÇÑ áÇ íÈØá ÍÞ ÇáÛíÑ

Pressing necessity shall not annul the right of another

The Twenty-Eighth Maxim

ãÇ ÍÑã ÃÎÐå ÍÑã ÅÚØÇÄå

What is prohibited to take, is prohibited to give

The Twenty-Ninth Maxim

ãÇ ÍÑã ÝÚáå ÍÑã ØáÈå

What is prohibited to do is prohibited to demand

The Thirty Maxim

áÇ ÖÑÑ æáÇ ÖÑÇÑ

No harm shall be met by harm

The Thirty-First Maxim

ÇáÖÑÑ íÒÇá

Harm shall be warded off

The Thirty-Second Maxim

ÇáÖÑÑ áÇíÒÇá ÈãËáå

Harm shall not be warded off by similitude harm

  The Thirty Three Maxim

ÇáÖÑÑ íÏÝÚ ÈÞÏÑ ÇáÅãßÇä

Harm shall be warded off as much as possible

The Thirty Fourth Maxim

íÊÍãá ÇáÖÑÑ ÇáÎÇÕ áÏÝÚ ÇáÖÑÑ ÇáÚÇã

Private harm shall be tolerated to dispel public harm

The Thirty-Fifth Maxim

ÇáÖÑÑ ÇáÃÔÏ íÒÇá ÈÇáÖÑÑ ÇáÃÎÝ

A severe harm shall be removed by a lesser harm

The Thirty-Sixth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÊÚÇÑÖÊ ãÝÓÏÊÇä ÑæÚí ÃÚÙãåÇ ÖÑÑÇð ÈÇÑÊßÇÈ ÃÎÝåãÇ

When greater and lesser banes are in incompatibility , the lesser shall be committed

The Thirty Seven Maxim

íõÎÊÇÑ Ãåæä ÇáÔÑíä

The lesser of two evils shall be chosen

The Thirty-Eighth Maxim

ÏÑÁ ÇáãÝÇÓÏ Ãæáì ãä ÌáÈ ÇáãÕÇáÍ

Repelling banes is better than securing benefits

The Thirty Ninth Maxim

ÇáÚÇÏÉ ãÍßãÉ

Custom is an Arbitrator

Forty Maxim

áÇ íäßÑ ÊÛíÑ ÇáÃÍßÇã ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáÃÒãÇä

Change of judgements shall not be denied by change of times

The Forty-First Maxim

ÇáããÊäÚ ÚÇÏÉ ßÇáããÊäÚ ÍÞíÞÉ

What is impossible by custom is impossible in truth

Forty-Second Maxim

ÇáÚÈÑÉ ááÛÇáÈ ÇáÔÇÆÚ áÇ ááäÇÏÑ

Consideration is given to the commonly predominant, not to the rare

The Forty-Third Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÊÚÇÑÖ ÇáãÇäÚ æÇáãÞÊÖí íÞÏã ÇáãÇäÚ

When the preclusive and the necessitated conflict ,preference shall be given to the preclusive

Forty-Fourth Maxim

ÇáÊÇÈÚ ÊÇÈÚ

The appurtenant is deemed appurtenant

The Forty-Fifth Maxim

ÇáÊÇÈÚ áÇ íÝÑÏ ÈÇáÍßã

What follows shall not be judged separately

The Forty Sixth Maxim

íÞÈá Þæá ÇáãÊÑÌã ãØáÞÇð

The interpreter’s words shall be absolutely acceptable

The Forty Seven Maxim

ãä ãáß ÔíÆÇð ãáß ãÇ åæ ãä ÖÑæÑÇÊå

The owner of a thing shall be the owner of what

The Forty-Eighth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÓÞØ ÇáÃÕá ÓÞØ ÇáÝÑÚ

When the origin is invalid, the derivative shall be invalid too

The Forty-Ninth Maxim

ÞÏ íËÈÊ ÇáÝÑÚ ãÚ ÚÏã ËÈæÊ ÇáÃÕá

The derivative may be validated though the origin is invalidated

The Fifty Maxim

ÇáÓøóÇÞØ áÇ íÚæÏ ßãÇ Ãä ÇáãÚÏæã áÇ íÚæÏ

What is waived cannot be restored, nor can a non-existent

The Fifty-First Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÈØá ÇáÔíÁ ÈØá ãÇ Ýí Öãäå

When something is void that which is implied within shall be void

The Fifty-Second Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÈØá ÇáÃÕá íõÕÇÑ Åáì ÇáÈÏá

When the root becomes void, a substitue shall be sought

The Fifty-Third Maxim

ÇáÊÕÑÝ Úáì ÇáÑÚíÉ ãäæØ ÈÇáãÕáÍÉ

Disposition of people is contingent upon interest

The Fifty-Fourth Maxim

ÇáæáÇíÉ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÃÞæì ãä ÇáæáÇíÉ ÇáÚÇãÉ

Exclusive jurisdiction is of greater strength than public jurisdiction

The Fifty-Fifth Maxim

Ïáíá ÇáÔíÁ Ýí ÇáÃãæÑ ÇáÈÇØäÉ íÞæã ãÞÇãå

In indiscernible matters, evidence of the thing stands in for it.

The Fifty Sixth Maxim

áÇ ÚÈÑÉ ÈÇáÙä ÇáÈíøä ÎØÄå

The apparently erroneous suspposition is not to be taken into consideration

The Fifty-Seventh Maxim

áÇ ÍÌÉ ãÚ ÇáÇÍÊãÇá ÇáäÇÔÆ Úä Ïáíá

There is no convincing argument with a possibility based on evidence

The Fifty-Eighth Maxim

áÇ ÚÈÑÉ ááÊæåã

Delusion is of no consideration

The Fifty-Ninth Maxim

ÇáËÇÈÊ ÈÇáÈÑåÇä ßÇáËÇÈÊ ÈÇáÚíÇä

What is established by evidence is like that established by seeing

Sixty Maxim

ÇáÈíäÉ Úáì ÇáãÏÚí æÇáíãíä Úáì ãä ÃäßÑ

Evidence is for him who claims, the oath is for him who denies

Sixty-First Maxim

ÇáÈíäÉ áÅËÈÇÊ ÎáÇÝ ÇáÙÇåÑ æÇáíãíä áÅÈÞÇÁ ÇáÃÕá

Evidence is to prove what is not evident and an oath to affirm the original state

Sixty-Second Maxim

ÇáÈíäÉ ÍÌÉ ãÊÚÏíÉ æÇáÅÞÑÇÑ ÍÌÉ ÞÇÕÑÉ

Evidence is an adequate proof and admission is an inadequate proof

Sixty-Third Maxim

áÇ ÍÌÉ ãÚ ÇáÊäÇÞÖ, æáßä áÇ íÎÊá ãÚå Íßã ÇáÍÇßã

There is no convincing argument in case of contradiction ,but the ruling of the judge shall not be undermined

Sixty-Fourth Maxim

ÇáÎÑÇÌ ÈÇáÖãÇä

Yield is guaranteed

The Sixty-Fifth Maxim

ÇáÃÌÑ æÇáÖãÇä áÇ íÌÊãÚÇä

Payment of hire and liability to compensation are mutually exclusive

Sixty-Sixth Maxim

ÇáÌæÇÒ ÇáÔÑÚí íäÇÝí ÇáÖãÇä

Religious permissibility excludes liability for compensation

The Sixty-Seventh Maxim

ÇáÛÑã ÈÇáÛäã

Gain entails loss

The Sixty-Eighth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÇÌÊãÚ ÇáãÈÇÔÑ æÇáãÊÓÈÈ íÖÇÝ ÇáÍßã Åáì ÇáãÈÇÔÑ

When a perpetrator and a causer (person involved as an indirect cause) coincide, the judgment shall fall on the perpetrator

The Sixty-Ninth Maxim

ÇáãÈÇÔÑ ÖÇãä æÅä áã íÊÚãÏ

The perpetrator is liable albeit no premediation

The Seventy Maxim

ÇáãÊÓÈÈ áÇ íÖãä ÅáÇ ÈÇáÊÚãÏ

The perpetrator is liable albeit no premediation

The Seventy-First Maxim

íÖÇÝ ÇáÝÚá Åáì ÇáÝÇÚá áÇ Åáì ÇáÂãÑ ãÇ áã íßä ãÌÈÑÇð

An action shall be ascribed to its 'actant 'not to the commander unless coerced

The Seventy-Second Maxim

áÇ íÌæÒ áÃÍÏ Ãä íÊÕÑÝ Ýí ãáß ÇáÛíÑ ÈáÇ ÅÐäå

No one may dispose of the property of another without the latter’s permission

The Seventy-Third Maxim

ÇáÃãÑ ÈÇáÊÕÑÝ Ýí ãáß ÇáÛíÑ ÈÇØá

Order to dispose of the property of another is null and void

The Seventy-Fourth Maxim

ÊÈÏá ÓÈÈ Çáãáß ÞÇÆãÇð ãÞÇã ÊÈÏá ÇáÐÇÊ

A change in the cause of ownership of a thing entails a change of that thing

The Seventy-Fifth Maxim

ÌäÇíÉ ÇáÚÌãÇÁ ÌÈÇÑ

The beast’s harm is squander

The Seventy-Sixth Maxim

ãä ÇÓÊÚÌá ÇáÔíÁ ÞÈá ÃæÇäå ÚæÞÈ ÈÍÑãÇäå

Whoever hastily acquires a thing before its due time is penalized by being proscribed of it

The Seventy-Seventh Maxim

ãä ÓÚì Ýí äÞÖ ãÇ Êã ãä ÌåÊå ÝÓÚíå ãÑÏæÏ Úáíå

Whoever endeavors to invalidate what has been enacted at his instigation, his endeavor shall recoil on him

The Seventy-Eighth Maxim

ÇáÍÏæÏ ÊõÏÑà ÈÇáÔÈåÇÊ

Punishments are averted by doubtful matters

The Seventy-Ninth Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÇÌÊãÚ ÇáÍáÇá æÇáÍÑÇã ÛáÈ ÇáÍÑÇã

When the religiously lawful and the prohibited coincide ,the prohibited shall be dominant

The Eighty Maxim

ÇáÃÕá Ýí ÇáÅÈÖÇÚ ÇáÊÍÑíã

Pudenda is essentially prohibited

The Eighty-First Maxim

ÇáÃÕá Ýí ÇáÃÔíÇÁ ÇáÅÈÇÍÉ

Permissibility is the original state

The Eighty-Second Maxim

ãÇ áÇ íÊã ÇáæÇÌÈ ÅáÇ Èå Ýåæ æÇÌÈ

Anything fulfilling an obligation is an obligation

The Eighty-Third Maxim

ÇáÎÑæÌ ãä ÇáÎáÇÝ ãÓÊÍÈ

Settlement of discord is desirable

The Eighty-Fourth Maxim

ÇáãíÓæÑ áÇ íÓÞØ ÈÇáãÚÓæÑ

The easy thing shall not be waived by the difficult thing

The Eighty-Fifth Maxim

áÇ íÌæÒ áÃÍÏ Ãä íÃÎÐ ãÇá ÃÍÏ ÅáÇ ÈÓÈÈ ÔÑÚí

No one shall be permitted to take another's property without a lawful reason

The Eighty Sixth Maxim

áíÓ áÚÑÞ ÙÇáã ÍÞ

No unjust planter has right

The Eighty-Seventh Maxim

Úáì ÇáíÏ ãÇ ÃÎÐÊ ÍÊì ÊÄÏíå

What has been taken must be handed

The Eighty-Eighth Maxim

ÇáÅÓáÇã íóÌÈøõ ãÇ ÞÈáå

Islam obliterates all (wrong doings) prior to it

The Eighty-Nine Maxim

ÇáÃÕá Ýí ÇáãÖÇÑ ÇáÊÍÑíã

The Basic Principle: whatever is harmful is prohibited

Ninety Maxim

ÇáÅíËÇÑ Ýí ÇáÞõÑóÈ ãßÑæå æÝí ÛíÑåÇ ãÍÈæÈ

Altruism in pious deeds (or worship) is undesirable ,elsewhere desirable

The Ninety-First Maxim

ÅÐÇ ÇÌÊãÚ ÃãÑÇä ãä ÌäÓ æÇÍÏ æáã íÎÊáÝ ãÞÕæÏåãÇ ÏÎá ÃÍÏåãÇ Ýí ÇáÂÎÑ

When two matters of one sort and with similar intents coincide, on suffices

The Ninety-Second Maxim

íÛÊÝÑ Ýí ÇáÈÞÇÁ ãÇ áÇ íÛÊÝÑ Ýí ÇáÅÈÊÏÇÁ

What shall be absolved in continuance shall not be absolved in commencement

The Ninety-Third Maxim

áÇ íÊã ÇáÊÈÑÚ ÅáÇ ÈÇáÞÈÖ

No donation unless received

The Ninety-Fourth Maxim

ÇáÓÄÇá ãÚÇÏ Ýí ÇáÌæÇÈ

The question is reiterated in the reply

The Ninety-Fifth Maxim

ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ ÇáãÚåæÏÉ ááÃÎÑÓ ßÇáÈíÇä ÈÇááÓÇä

The known sign of a dumb person is tantamount to verbal utterance

The Ninety-Sixth Maxim

ÇáãÑÁ ãÄÇÎÐ ÈÅÞÑÇÑå

One is judged by his acknowledgement

The Ninety-Seventh Maxim

ÇáãæÇÚíÏ ÈÕæÑ ÇáÊÚáíÞ Êßæä áÇÒãÉ

When promises take a conditional form, they shall be binding

The Ninety-Eighth Maxim

ÇáæÕÝ Ýí ÇáÍÇÖÑ áÛæ

Description in presence (of a visible thing) is vain

The Ninety-Ninth Maxim

ááÃßËÑ Íßã Çáßá

The most is (ranked) as the whole

The 100th Maxim

ÇáãÌåæá Ýí ÇáÔÑíÚÉ ßÇáãÚÏæã æÇáãÚÌæÒ Úäå .

The unknown in Islamic law is as the Non-existent and the impossible to know